Theme of Marriage in Jude-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Break down the subject of Marriage in Jude the Obscure and A Room of Ones Own. Answer: Presentation: The accompanying paper scrounges the subject of adoration and marriage in the nineteenth and twentieth century English writing with extraordinary reference to two of the best and most talked about artistic pieces-Jude the Obscure, composed by Thomas Hardy and A Rome of Ones Own composed by Virginia Woolf. Despite the fact that both of the abstract pieces are very not quite the same as one another as far as managing the center subjects, a basic deconstruction leads towards a typical foundation of examination. Actually, the coherence of the creators, writers and the artists and their acknowledgment of social work on relating to marriage had multi dimensional disposition however acquiring the decision to a solitary plinth of ladies liberation. While one discussion about the idea of marriage, Jane Austen can't be refuted be that as it may, the thought of ladies liberation doesn't have severe hang on social progression and strengthening of ladies. In any case, the exertion of such would b e found in the play A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen. Valerie Sanders has discovered that nineteenth century European writing took an enormous turn as far as seeing marriage and desires from ladies in purported advancing European culture. With theoretical turnaround through the Norwegian Feminist development, social layers of ladies compactly got explicit. This exposition would keep on concentrating on the standardization of marriage that has been deciphered as defective and outlandish. Solid on a humanistic perspective has fused the ideas of pretended pregnancy, conjugal jealousy, accomplishment of economic wellbeing through marriage. Then again the third section of A Room of Ones Own arrangements drastically with the acknowledgment of marriage. An extreme talk can be thought about since it has been managed by Virginia Woolf. William Goetz in his paper The Felicity and Infelicity of Marriage in Jude Obscure has contended when Jude Obscure was distributed in 1895, it was deciphered in numerous quarters as Hardys commitment to the developing contemporary discussion on the topic of marriage. The sincere treatment of marriage and sex in the novel got thrilling with its contemporary clash of its both. The tale portrays Jude, the hero who is viced into wedding Arabella by her devised pregnancy. In this angle, the demonstration of vainglory of Arabella can be thought about of this basic paper. The epic stages the whole contention on the organization of marriage. Actually, Hardy doesn't show negativism towards the topic and idea of marriage. The recorded clash in the origination and impression of marriage in Jude and Sues family makes a fundamental contrast in the essential comprehension of the whole story. You have never cherished me as I love you-never-never! Yours is certifiably not an enthusiastic heart-your heart doesn't consume in a fire! You are, upon the entire, such a fay, or soul not a lady!- Sue was very recuperating in conveying such discourse. Section 3 of the novel arrangements with the detachment of Jude and Sue. The part manages a scene where two of the characters are found to sit together without conversing with one another. The indifferent obstructiveness between two of the characters have been seen during the whole course of the section. The cross marriage choice taken by the characters must be taken in to certain thought. Hardys introduction of the deplorability of Little Father Times murder turns into a characteristic result of bombed relationships and fruitless mirth. The negative thought of marriage takes an abrupt jump for the whole comprehension of the real case examination of the characters. While examining the whole novel various inquiries relating to Hardys relationship with women's activist methodology can be taken in to thought. As per Fang and Jiang, the women's activist methodology of Thomas Hardy can be decided through the characterisation of Sue Bridehead. Identifying the conditions that the Victorian ladies would experience, Hardy has contended that the counter marriage profession of Sue; her refusal to acknowledge the customarily attributed job of ladies in the Victorian culture, acknowledgment of marriage and maternity has been an unemotional change in the observation. Sues character helps the peruser to remember Wollstonecrafts article Vindication of the Rights of Women. Sue in the novel is no cleaned a woman with Victorian tip top. Sues thought of adoration and marriage as a renewed person is particularly present day if not Victorian in approach. The previously mentioned pundits contention can be countered with the assistance of the accompanying ideas. Then again, part three out of A Room of Ones Own Virginia Woolf has clarified the subject of marriage. With the compelling comprehension of the entre human race relating to the acknowledgment of marriage in a general public that is by one way or another serious and influential, it very well may be expressed that normal change was by one way or another delinked. The article has been a solid piece through which Virginia Woolf has thought about that marriage has consistently been a deterrent to the liberation and foundation of nobility of the ladies. Indeed, the effective marriage standards have been a positive check with the assistance of a womans own room that would address the foundation of the whole understanding References: Dwivedi, V., 2016. Demeanor of New Woman in Thomas Hardy's Jude the Obscure.International Journal of Multifaceted and Multilingual Studies,3(4). Solid, T., 2016.Jude the Obscure (Norton Critical Editions). WW Norton Company. Li, L., 2013. A Probe Into the Narrative Structure of Jude the Obscure.Studies in Literature and Language,7(1), p.52. Woolf, V., 2015.A room of one's own and three guineas. OUP Oxford.

Economics article commentary: June Harvest to Reduce inflation Essay

Swelling alludes to a diligent ascent in the general value level in a given timeframe typically one year. There are two primary sorts of swelling in particular, request pull expansion and cost push. Request pull expansion is brought about by raising total interest that pulls up costs in the economy. There are a few factors that cause this sort of expansion, for instance, when government decreases personal duty leaving customers with increasingly expendable livelihoods to spend. In any case, undoubtedly it is fundamentally cost push expansion that is of significant concern. Cost push swelling is brought about by increasing expenses of creation that powers makers to expand costs of the last items. High food costs have been the fundamental driver of swelling because of the dry season that hit the nation early a year ago. Horticulture relies upon regular factors outside human ability to control, for example, climate. A dry spell will cause deficiencies that will bring about raising costs as appeared in the chart beneath. Figure 1 DD and S1S1 are the first interest and gracefully bend separately. A dry season will cause a lack that will make the gracefully bend to move to one side, that is, to S2S2 and cost to ascend from P1 to P2 as amount diminishes from Q1 to Q2. At the point when the dry season influences most pieces of the nation at that point total gracefully of food will fall. This definitely makes food costs to rise. Moreover, the article says that the ascent in swelling has likewise been because of increment in worldwide raw petroleum costs that have come about into increments in the siphon costs of fuel. Fuel is a significant part in the creation procedure thus any expansion in its cost will expand creation costs. Thusly, there would be a miss the mark run total gracefully as appeared in the graph beneath. Figure 2 Promotion and SRAS1 are the total interest and short-run total flexibly bends separately. An ascent in cost of creation move the SRAS bend to one side that is, to SRAS2 normal cost increments from P1 to P2. In spite of the fact that swelling benefits dealers as far as expanded income, all in all, it has a few unfavorable impacts. A portion of these incorporate lessening the expectation for everyday comforts of particularly fixed pay workers, for example, retired people and salaried laborers. This is particularly since the article makes reference to that ‘the average cost for basic items has been on an upward pattern following increments in swelling that came to 14.1%’. So anything that can assist with diminishing swelling is an invite move. The title of this article â€Å"June Harvest to decrease inflation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  shows that help is in transit. Decreasing Inflation implies that costs will fall making fundamental items reasonable by most by far of the customers. In any case, before the gather brings the help the administration has various strategies available to its that it might use to battle swelling. Government could utilize financial and monetary approaches. For example on account of financial arrangements the legislature could build personal assessment to lessen discretionary cashflow of shoppers. This assists with decreasing total interest thus balances out costs. The issue with this strategy is that it makes the administration disagreeable among the voters electorate. Moreover, it might serve to exacerbate the joblessness issue and may likewise through down the financial development over the long haul. Government could likewise utilize the flexibly side arrangements. These are approaches that are utilized by government to build the flexibly capability of the economy. For instance, the administration could cancel the lowest pay permitted by law laws. This would make it modest to utilize laborers yet would likewise diminish all out expense of creation. Its impediment is that laborers will undoubtedly be abused by their managers. All in all, legislature of Uganda should set up a system to forestall future lack of food by working cushion stock plans. Also, albeit such plans have issue, for example, cost of lack, yet their reality assists with facilitating deficiencies of groceries brought about by capricious atmosphere changes. All things considered, ‘prevention is better than cure’. This is significant additionally in light of the fact that the legislature of Uganda has no power over the universal unrefined petroleum costs.

Practical Proposal

Ought to Minnesota’s County Road Commissions Take on More Responsibility? Katherine Monrowe ENG 101b Professor B. Hatchett November 10, 2008 November 8, 2008 Mr. Walter Hooper Chairman of T. R. District Road Commission 1881 Labree Ave. Criminal River Falls, MN 56701 Dear Mr. Hooper, Enclosed is my suggestion that the T. R. Region Road Commission start to furrow as well as sand the primary business suburbanite streets all the more oftentimes after and during harsh climate. During the recent years, the street commission has been excessively not well arranged to manage the winter climate, and the absence of readiness has caused numerous shocking accidents.My proposition would furnish concerned Thief River Falls inhabitants with a recharged feeling that all is well with the world. I accept that if the street commission were to expand the measure of times that the streets are furrowed during and after winter climate, occupants would feel more devotion and regard towards the individ uals who work for our district, and it would assist inhabitants with having a more secure drive to their employments and their homes. Much thanks to you for setting aside the effort to peruse and think about this proposition. Earnestly, Katherine Monrowe Should Minnesota’s County Road Commissions Take on More Responsibility? The winters in Northern Minnesota are unforgiving, cold, and dangerous.The normal snowfall for the state falls somewhere in the range of 30 and 38 inches for every year. Inside the previous five years, the temperatures have been known to vary incredibly; from hotter temperatures during the day, to beneath freezing as the night progressed. These temperature changes can cause hazardous street conditions, for example, dark ice, which can unsafe or even destructive. Alongside the climate changes, the area street commissions all through Minnesota have been making changes also; they have, fundamentally, cut back on the measure of time and exertion that they spe nd furrowing, sanding, as well as salting the roads.These cut backs may appear to be minor, yet they are bringing about numerous pointless mishaps and not exactly alluring driving conditions. This powers occupants to pose the inquiry, ought to Minnesota’s nation street commissions assume on greater liability? I accept that the best answer for this issue is assign explicit times, throughout the winter months, to furrowing/sanding/salting, and necessitate that more consideration be paid to the streets when the climate conditions are dangerous.I believe that if the occupants of Thief River County, and conceivably the whole of state Michigan, were furnished with a more secure drive, they would feel more devotion and regard towards the individuals who work for our district. After the province of Minnesota executed many spending cuts, financing was cut such a large number of significant associations, one being the region street commissions. Our administration authorities neglect to perceive every one of that involves these spending cuts. Have the driving conditions endured, yet parking garage conditions have also.The handicap parking spots are totally dismissed, making debilitated and older residents hazard injury by stopping or strolling through day off ice (Schneider, 2001). Not exclusively are the individuals who drive themselves influenced by the winter street conditions, however the individuals who use open transportation are influenced too. On the off chance that the street commission is delayed to deal with streets, at that point open transportation (e. g. transports, taxis, etc†¦) will be late to get its travelers. This, thusly, will make its travelers behind schedule for work and may make them lose their jobs.Also, some may contend that there is consistently a hazard while driving, and additional time spent dealing with the streets throughout the winter won't diminish the hazard. Notwithstanding, M. Peden states, â€Å"While in down to earth te rms it may not be conceivable totally to dispense with all hazard, it is conceivable to decrease the introduction to danger of serious injury and to limit its power and results (2004). † Peden’s quote states precisely the point that I am attempting to demonstrate. I comprehend that the hazard won't be totally removed; in any case, the hances can be essentially diminished if the streets are furrowed and sanded. It is obvious to see that the spending cuts are to a greater extent a hazard, and the expansion in mishaps and the requirement for tow trucks have cost the state much more cash. Marina Fulton, of Kingston, has a thirty-minute drive to her office and when the climate is at its more terrible, Fulton needs to leave an additional hour early just to make it to chip away at time (2008). Clearly, the winters of Northern Minnesota will be perilous, despite the fact that the street conditions could be improved.However, if the streets were appropriately dealt with, inhabita nts would have more opportunity to land to their positions and feel more secure on their way. I accept that if the T. R. region street commission were to actualize the recommendations in this proposition in January of 2009, they’d have the option to get a â€Å"head start† on the months where winter is its harshest. Linda Boonstrand, of Thief River, expressed â€Å"I would feel more secure driving with my two youthful girls if the street commission were to deal with the streets all the more completely (2008). With the advances in innovation that our nation is proceeding to make, street commissions ought to have the option to discover when harsh climate in on its way and be set up to deal with the streets (Committee on Weather Research for Transportation, 2004). Taking everything into account, I am calling upon my region to invest more energy dealing with the streets throughout the winter months, particularly more during harsh climate. I accept that the additional time spent clearing/sanding/salting the streets all through the winter will bring about a more secure and more joyful community.Thank you for setting aside the effort to survey and think about this proposition. I anticipate got notification from you. Works Cited Boonstrand, L. (December 6, 2008) Personal meeting. Advisory group on Weather Research for Surface Transportation. (2004). Where the climate meets the street: an examination plan for improving street climate administrations. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. Recovered December, 6, 2008, from NetLibrary Database. Downs, A. (2004). Still trapped in rush hour gridlock: adapting to top hour traffic clog. Washington, D. C. Brookings Institution Press.Retrieved December, 6, 2008, from NetLibrary database.. Fulton, M. (December 5, 2008) Personal meeting. Lord, K. (2002, May 23). New spending calls for slight trims in city charges, staff †Manager Holt says the city’s â€Å"lean operation† proceeds. The Grand R apids Press Online. Recovered on December, 7, 2008, from Newsbank database. Peden, M. M. (2004). World report on street traffic injury avoidance. Geneva WHO. Recovered December, 6, 2008, from NetLibrary database. Schneider, J. (2001, January 29). Difficult situation. The Lansing State Journal Online. Recovered on December, 10, 2008, from Newsbank database.

Thread #4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

String #4 - Essay Example e that Subway is the undisputed pioneer in quick and solid food since they offer simple to get ready sandwiches which are â€Å"made to arrange directly before the client - utilizing newly heated breads, select sauces and an assortment of delightful toppings† (Doctors Associates, Inc., 2011). What's more, the third explanation which is significant is the persistent encouraging group of people that it offers its franchisees. Subway’s emotionally supportive network incorporates preparing, item improvement, publicizing, buying agreeable and field support (Doctors Associates, Inc., 2011). The all out interest in beginning a Subway establishment is somewhere close to $84,300 to $258,300. This sum incorporates the establishment charge, on-going eminence expense, fire up cost, hardware, finance and stock (Entrepreneur Media, Inc., 2011). This implies a franchisee should likewise consider investigating the conceivable financing alternatives open to him to subsidize the complete venture to be made. Beside these costs, a business experience is expected to claim a tram establishment. The labor expected to run the establishment will associate with six to ten representatives. There ought to likewise be a complete responsibility from the franchisee in light of the fact that Subway doesn't permit truant proprietorship and the terms of understanding is for 20

Effectiveness of Guidelines in Improving Patient Care

Viability of Guidelines in Improving Patient Care This short thinks about the observational writing on the utilization of clinical rules in tolerant consideration. It is contended that negative rule qualities and defended worries among specialists nullify palatable adherence. Clinical rules have been a piece of the UK scene for a long time, as a methods for improving social insurance for patients (Woolf et al, 1999). Research proof proposes that a huge extent of doctors don't stick to clinical rules in persistent consideration (for example Grol et al, 1998; Forsythe et al, 1999; Sherr et al, 2001; White, 2001; Thomas et al, 2003). Sherr et al (2001) explored adherence of Obstetric Units in the UK and Eire to antenatal HIV testing strategies. The Department of Health and Royal College of Obstetricians have both given indicated rules, which necessitate that antenatal HIV testing be offered to every pregnant lady, and adherence to these benchmarks has created some discussion. Information from 89% of antenatal units was examined. Just 10% of units offered testing to all introducing ladies, and these units were amassed in zones of high HIV pervasiveness (for example London). Different units worked specific screening strategies (offering antenatal testing to certain ladies, recognized based on clinical standards) or ‘on request’ screening. Forsythe et al (1999) contemplated adherence of senior NHS staff (specialists, general experts) towards BMA rules on the moral obligations specialists have towards themselves and their families. The Academy of Royal Medical Colleges, and the General Medical Council both support these rules, which by and large necessitate that specialists don't accept accountability for their very own (or family’s) social insurance. Survey information was gathered from four haphazardly picked NHS Trusts and three nearby clinical networks in the London (South Thames) zone. Individual utilization of wellbeing administrations was the result measure. Results indicated that albeit most specialists (96%) were enlisted with a GP, the greater part (63% of GPs and 59% of experts) had not counseled their GP in the previous year. Just about a quarter (24%) of experts expressed they could never observe a GP getting specialist counsel. The dominant part (71% of GPs and 76% of advisors) self-endorsed drugs ‘usually’ or ‘sometimes’. Forsythe et al (1999) finished up â€Å"senior specialists are not following the BMA rules on caring for their own and their families health† (p.608). Clinical rules are thought to have huge advantages for tolerant consideration (Woolf et al, 1999). In any case, inquire about discoveries on the effect of rules are blended (Morrison et al, 2001; Bennewith et al, 2002; Bousquet et al, 2003). Bousquet et al (2003) led a randomized controlled preliminary evaluating the estimation of rules of the International Consensus on Rhinitis (ICR) in thinking about patients with occasional unfavorably susceptible rhinitis. GPs were randomized into two gatherings: one gathering followed ICR rules (patients got an oral enemy of histamine, a topical corticosteroid, and additionally a topical visual cromone) while the other gathering were allowed to pick fitting treatment for patients. Result measures were level of impairment[1] and indication medicine scores. Patients treated by the rules technique GPs created lower side effect scores over a three-week time frame contrasted with patients appointed with free-decision GPs. Besides, patients in the rule bunch detailed more prominent decreases in their level of disability contrasted with the free decision gathering. This preliminary plainly exhibited the advantages for patients of executing clinical rules. Diggory et al (2003) looked into the aftereffects of five reviews identifying with cardiovascular-pneumonic revival (CPR) at the Mayday University Hospital. At any rate one review concentrated on doctors’ adherence to older consideration arrangement and rules suggested by the Royal College of Physicians. Documentation of a CPR choice, audit everything being equal, and documentation of any progressions to the CPR choice became arrangement in the crisis division. CPR choices were recorded by both student specialists and experts for >91% of cases. Experts checked on 93% of patients inside 24hours, and recorded a CPR choice in 81% of cases. Advantages for patients appeared to introduce in a decrease in DNAR[2] orders. Other research proposes that the advantages of rule adherence for patients might be progressively restricted. Morrison et al (2001; Bennewith et al, 2002) evaluated the effect of clinical rules for the administration of fruitlessness, in both essential and optional consideration settings. . Figure 1 Clinical examinations finished for intercession and control rehearses (Morrison et al, 2001) More than 200 general practices and NHS emergency clinics tolerating referrals for fruitlessness in Greater Glasgow were randomized to a control or intercession condition. The mediation bunch got clinical rules. No gathering contrasts were found in referral rates, but referrals from mediation rehearses were increasingly finished, fusing all fundamental clinical examinations (for example semen investigation, rubella invulnerability) (see Figure 1). No gathering contrasts developed in the level of referrals in which an administration plan was accomplished inside one year, in the mean length between first arrangement and date of the executives plan, and expenses of referrals. In general, this investigation shows a differential impact of rule adherence across various standards of patient consideration. Regardless of the (unobtrusive) increment in the quantity of prescribed clinical examinations performed before referral, clinical rules were no more financially savvy than having no rules. Generally speaking, explore discoveries are blended with respect to the advantages of rule adherence for understanding. By the by, enhancements in certain parts of care have been illustrated. What rule qualities are relevant to adherence? Michie et al (2004) surveyed the reasons why GPs don't generally adjust to rules. The attention was on rules set by the UKs National Service Framework (NSF) for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). London based GPs, who were named either ‘high implementers’ (clung to at least five of 6 CHD measures) or ‘low implementers’ (clung to 1 or 2 rules), were met on their convictions, self-revealed practices, and authoritative setting. A few issues separated the two gatherings: sees about proof based practice; command over clinical practice; and the repercussions of sticking to rules. Low implementers were progressively doubtful about proof based practice, increasingly stressed over the absence of authority over the turn of events and execution of rules, and their own proficient obligations as specialists, and unfriendly ramifications for GPs/patients that exceed any advantages. This investigation features the significance of GP mentalities towards rule adherence. Irani et al (2003) accentuated the methodological qualities of the rules themselves. They surveyed the nature of national clinical practice rules (CPGs) on favorable prostatic hyperplasia, and lower urinary tract indications. Two free assessors assessed methodological nature of the CPGs utilizing the St.Georges Hospital Medical School Health Care Evaluation Unit Appraisal Instrument. This apparatus joins things checking three measures: meticulousness of advancement (for example ‘Is there a portrayal of the wellsprings of data used to choose the proof on which the suggestions are based?’), setting and substance (for example ‘Is there an acceptable portrayal of the patients to which the rules are intended to apply?’), and clinical application (‘Does the rule record recommend potential techniques for dispersal and implementation?’). Investigation uncovered generous inconstancy in quality across CPGs. Grol et al (1998) found a relationship between rule qualities and adherence. A perception configuration was utilized to contemplate 47 explicit proposals from 10 clinical rules according to 12 diverse rule attributes. For instance, proof base, clinical experience, worried about day by day practice, and vagueness. Relapse examination uncovered three key qualities that anticipated a large portion of the difference in consistence rate: ‘the suggestion is ambiguous and not absolutely defined’, ‘the proposal requests change of fixed routines’, and ‘the proposal is questionable and not perfect with current values’. Figure 2 Rates of consistence across rule characteristics (present or missing) (Grol et al, 1998) Figure 2 outlines differentials in adherence rates as an element of the nearness or nonappearance of changed rule properties. As a rule specialists were bound to go along within the sight of a proof base, ability to take care of clinical issues, correctly portrayed, and media exposure. Consistence was additionally progressively likely without ability to incite patients, expecting change to clinical schedules, noteworthy ramifications for the executives, requesting new aptitudes/preparing, discussion, multifaceted nature, and uncertainty. Clinical rules in the UK have generally been endorsed by an assortment of offices, strikingly the Department of Health, and calling explicit bodies, for example, the Royal College or Surgeons, Royal College of Nursing, and British Medical Association. The National Center for Clinical Excellence (NICE) as of now sets clinical rules. This body ceaselessly distributes benchmarks for most regions of clinical practice. The Department of Health has additionally settled Essence of Care norms, which have a progressively conventional center (DOH, 2003). Rules are purportedly founded on observational proof, quite randomized control preliminaries, consequently fulfilling the prerequisite for proof based practice. In any case, reservations among GPs about the

Alcohol Screening Tests Ideal for Healthcare Settings

Alcohol Screening Tests Ideal for Healthcare Settings More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery An alcohol screening test helps determine if you abuse alcohol  or have alcohol use disorder. An emergency room might use a short test that makes a determination based on the first question, while a mental health professional has time to administer a longer test with more questions. The reliability of shorter tests may not be as high as the longer ones. After the initial diagnosis, a longer test helps determine if your case of alcohol use disorder is mild, moderate, or severe. The CAGE Test One of the oldest and most popular screening tools for alcohol abuse is the CAGE test, which is a short, four-question test that diagnoses alcohol problems over a lifetime. CAGE Test C - Have you ever felt you should cut down on your drinking?A - Have people annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?G - Have you ever felt bad or guilty about your drinking?E - Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning (eye-opener) to steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover? Two yes answers  indicates a  problem with alcohol. The disadvantages of the CAGE test is its not very accurate for older people, white women, and African- and Mexican-Americans. The T-ACE Test The T-ACE test has four questions, including three from the CAGE test, but has proven  more accurate in diagnosing alcohol problems in both men and women. T-ACE Test T - Does it take more than three drinks to make you feel high?A - Have you ever been annoyed by peoples criticism of your drinking?C - Are you trying to cut down on drinking?E - Have you ever used alcohol as an eye opener in the morning (having a drink when you wake up to stave off a hangover, for example?). Two yes answers indicates possible alcohol abuse or dependence. The AUDIT Test One of the most accurate tests is the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Its accurate up to 94% of the time  across ethnic and gender groups. It has 10 multiple choice questions scored on a point system. A score over eight indicates an alcohol problem. The disadvantage is that it takes longer to administer and is more difficult to score than the shorter tests. The RAPS4 Test The Rapid Alcohol Problems Screen Test (RAPS) asks questions similar to the CAGE test, but from a different perspective. One yes answer indicates a possible alcohol abuse problem. The results are accurate across gender and ethnic groups. The MAST Test The Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST) effectively diagnoses adults and adolescents. It has 22 yes or no questions, with six positive responses indicating a drinking problem. The disadvantage is the length and time required to score it.   The FAST Test The FAST test is a four-question quiz designed specifically for patients in urgent care or emergency room situations. The test is easy to score, but only detects 90% of alcohol problems detected by the AUDIT test. Paddington Alcohol Test The Paddington Alcohol Test (PAT) is for patients getting treatment for falls and accidents in the emergency room. This three-questions test is easy to score. The disadvantage is that it asks direct questions about how much alcohol the patient consumes, which patients tend to minimize or deny. The SAAST Test The Self-Administered Alcoholism Screening Test (SAAST) is a 35-question test that  asks questions about the patients loss of control, job performance, drinking consequences, and family history of alcoholism. One major advantage is that there is a version of the test a loved one can fill out. How a CDT Test Detects Dangerous Alcohol Consumption

A Historical Perspective on Trifles - Literature Essay Samples

The play Trifles by Susan Glaspell depicts the repressed roles of women in 1916 and holds underlying tones of the feminist movement shown through the two female lead characters, Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale. This play paved the way for female writers in many areas, especially in journalism and playwriting. Performed at the turn of the century, Glaspells work depicted the events that were still going on at the time, and was used at a feminist tool by Glaspell to show the repression that was still so prevalent. Glaspell refused to go with the societal grain that people held for women of her time, which is shown by her life’s journey. Susan Glaspell, born in 1876 in Davenport, Iowa, was a woman who rebelled at most societal expectations of her time (Ozieblo). She graduated from Drake University in 1899 and then continued on to work for her local newspaper the Des Moines Daily News. Glaspell married her husband just three years before the play was performed. Unlike most women of her time, who were repressed by society, Glaspell was not restricted to household duties. She was discovered as a writer when she covered a case about a woman who murdered her husband, the Hossack Case. She then went on to write the play Trifles, which is loosely based on this trial. This became what she was most known for as a writer, even today, and Glaspell also turned the work into a short story, â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† (Ozieblo). She became a respected author with many articles published in sophi sticated magazines, a number of short stories, and a novel that was published in 1909 (Ozieblo). Because of her status as a well-known and respected author, Susan Glaspell was able to portray her feminist feelings through her writing so it would actually be seen and heard by the public. Glaspell, using the trial that she covered during her stint as a journalist, was able to write the play through feminist lenses. This case, known as the Hossack case, was a very large case and the newspaper published more than two dozen articles about it from December 1900 to April 1901 (Bryan). This case involved a woman who allegedly killed her husband in cold blood. Because of the repression that was still going on for women at the time, Mrs. Hossack, the wife and alleged murderer, did not receive much, if any, support from the outside. The article â€Å"Goes to the Grand Jury† by Susan Glaspell states â€Å"Public sentiment is still very much against the prisoner, Mrs. Hossack† (Brady). While it was never fully developed in the testimony of a Mr. William Haines, it is known that â€Å"the public generally accepts the story to that effect as true and will sympathize with the county attorney in his efforts to convict the woman† (Bryan). Being a woman, Hossack d id not have much of a chance in the way of getting a fair trial, so she decided not to appear for her preliminary hearing and went straight to the grand jury. Hossack did not have a fair trial in that she was not governed by a jury of her peers as the law states, but instead a jury of men who most likely wanted to convict her (Bryan). This was the same for the trial of the character, Mrs. Wright, in Glaspell’s play Trifles. Glaspell did not agree with the outcome of the trials of Mrs. Hossack and used her play to depict her dislike in the way it was handled, as well as depicting the two sides of the feminist movement through her two female characters. The two women described in the play are very opposite in nature and in physical appearance. While setting the scene of the play, the stage directions describe them as â€Å"The SHERIFF’s wife first, she is a slight wiry woman, a thin nervous face. MRS. HALE is larger and would ordinarily be called more comfortable looking† (Glaspell 1156). Glaspell is setting these women up in such a way so the reader is aware of the two differing physical appearances, which could in fact represent the two differing personalities of the feminist movement at the time. Mrs. Hale represents the people like Susan Glaspell who were very outspoken about the feminist movement and wanted to provoke change in the United States for women and fight for their rights. Mrs . Peters on the other hand, represents the quieter women in the United States who do not know how to find their voice yet and for the most part have identity only through their husbands. The fact that while Mrs. Hale is given a name and described as â€Å"comfortable looking†, while Mrs. Peters is only identified as â€Å"the SHERIFF’s wife† and as having a â€Å"nervous face† shows how little say Mrs. Peters has in her life and her home. Throughout the play, the male characters treat the women as if they are stupid. They brush them off as silly and the things that they concern themselves with as stupid. At one point Mrs. Peters makes a comment about how Mrs. Wright will be upset if her preserves freeze and the jars broke. The men make light of this and the Sheriff comments â€Å"Well, can you beat the women! Held for murder and worryin’ about her preserves† and instead of defending his wife,† to which Mr. Hale responds with â€Å"Well, women are used to worrying over trifles† (1158). They do this again when Mrs. Hale comments on some quilting of Mrs. Wright’s. She comments â€Å"It’s a log cabin pattern. Pretty, isn’t it? I wonder if she was goin’ to quilt it or just knot it?† To this, the Sheriff steps in and makes fun of the women saying â€Å"They wonder if she is going to quilt it or just knot it† (1160) and the men laugh. This continues through out the whole play showing the reader the disregard that the men have for the women. Glaspell is showing the men as unsupportive of the women, using the men in the play as a metaphor for the men and husbands during the feminist movement who scoffed at the women and their wives who were trying to stand up for their rights. There is also a metaphor in the bird that the women find that belonged to Mrs. Wright. The women talk about how lonely Mrs. Wright was and that she must have gotten the bird to keep her company and to sing, but the bird is dead. This is a metaphor for Mrs. Wright who may have just discovered her voice in her marriage and Mr. Wright killed it, or put a stop to her standing up for her rights. Ultimately, Glaspell gives the women the upper hand in the play by giving them the evidence that the men need for the trial to convict Mrs. Wright without question. The women take a stand in the final pages of the play by deciding to hide the evidence that they have found from the men. Glaspell turns the table and makes the men look stupid when they brush the women away, not giving them any credit for finding anything of use, when in fact they have found the motive for the crime. The County Attorney asks the women what they have taken to bring to Mrs. Wright in prison. When he sees what they have he responds with â€Å"Oh, I guess they’re not very dangerous things the ladies have picked out. No, Mrs. Peters doesn’t need supervising. For that matter, a sheriff’s wife is married to the law† (1164) as if to suggest most other women so need supervising while brushing off the piece of evidence that Mrs. Peters has in her possession. Glaspell uses Mrs. Peters to hide the evidence at the end very deliberately as if to show the woman who used to be meek and quiet as finally taking a stand for another woman in a small way. This is Glaspell’s way of encouraging women to speak up and stand up for themselves and other women in a discreet way. Glaspell’s work incited many women to start their careers in writing, as well as other careers and helped to move the feminist movement in America along a little further. This play, along with other works of hers, inspired many women across the country and still inspire women today for the feminist movement that is still so prevalent. Her way of tying in feminist ideals and feelings into her work was very bold, making her one of the great female writers of her time. Works Cited Ozieblo, Barbara. â€Å"About Susan Glaspell.† International Susan Glaspell Society, 2010. blogs.shu.edu/glaspellsociety/. Accessed Bryan, Particia, and Thomas Wolf. Susan Glaspell. Midnight Assassin, www.midnightassassin.com/SGarticles.html. Accessed Glaspell, Susan. Trifles. The Norton Introduction to Literature, edited by Kelly J. Mays, Shorter 12th ed.,W.W. Norton, 2016, pp. 1155-165.